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Refresh alias defined in .bashrc
To refresh the aliases defined in .bashrc run:
$ source .bashrc
Or
$ exec bash
CLI
14 Practical examples of the grep command
grep is a command-line utility that allows searching of words and/or patterns in a file or group of files. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search a regular expression and print). Grep does a global search by keyword or regular expression and print all matching lines on the standard output.
Exclude the process grep on ps ax output
Regularly I use ps ax | grep pattern to get information about a particular process, but in the oupout the grep process is shown, how to avoid this?
Simply encloses within square brackets the first letter or number of the pattern, for example:
Kill GNU/Linux process from the command line
Desktop like GNOME, KDE, XFCE, LXDE have a task manager that allows you to terminate a process using the graphical interface, but not always we have managers like these or we simply work without graphical interface (server) and we need to kill a particular process because it does not respond to any action, and that's when should lend hands to the console
Remote commands on GNU/Linux
To run a remote command on GNU/Linux or another UNIX variant, you must be able to access the remote server through ssh
In order to run the remote command type:
$ ssh servidor-remoto command
Shell script to rename to lowercase files and directories
In the GNU/Linux world, it is common to use lowercase characters to identify files and directories, to illustrate the above we show the DIRs that are found under the /etc/apache2 DIR on Debian GNU/Linux
/etc/apache2/ ├── conf-available ├── conf-enabled ├── mods-available ├── mods-enabled ├── sites-available └── sites-enabled
so if you have one or several DIRs in uppercase or lowercase and uppercase at the same time and for uniformity want to all be lowercase then you can rely on the following script.
[githubget repo=1]sysadmin/shscript/tolower.sh[/githubget]To use the script download here
Set execute permissions
chmod a+x tolower.sh
Run the script
./tolower.sh nombre-del-fichero
Further readings
- man find
- man tr
Get Information of my CPU on GNU/Linux
We can get CPU information in GNU/Linux by typing the following command:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 22 model name : Intel(R) Celeron(R) CPU 430 @ 1.80GHz stepping : 1 cpu MHz : 1800.045 ...
Find duplicated files in GNU/Linux
One of the easiest and safest ways to find duplicate files on GNU / Linux files is using the tool fdupes, fdupes find duplicate files comparing the file sizes, making a check MD5 followed by a byte to byte comparison.
Mount ISO, BIN and NRG images
fuseiso is an utility that allows you to mount ISO, BIN and NRG images in the userspace file system then you can browse them with any file manager such as any directory can be inspected.
Install fuseiso
Debian/Ubuntu and derivatives
$ sudo apt-get install fuseiso
CentOS/RHEL
Enable rpmforge
# yum install fuse-iso
Use fuseiso
$ fuseiso -p my.iso access-point
access-point = DIR where you will mount the image
Unpack .iso with 7-Zip
– See 7-Zip – An excellent archive compressor / decompressor
Further reading
– man fuseiso
7-Zip – An excellent archive compressor / decompressor
7-zip is a file compressor with a high ratio of compression. The main features are:
- High ratio of compression (LZMA algorithm)
- Compress / decompress: 7z, ZIP, GZIP, BZIP2 and TAR
- Unzip: ARJ, CAB, CHM, CPIO, DEB, DMG, HFS, ISO, LZH, LZMA, MSI, NSIS, RAR, RPM, UDF, WIM, XAR and Z
- Robust encryption: AES-256 for 7z and ZIP formats
- Allows to create self-extracting archives (SFX)
- Command line version
- Integration with File Roller, XArchiver and XArchive
- Multi-platform
- Multi-language